Specializations in Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology to achieve desired traits.
Medical Biotechnology
Application of biotechnological techniques to develop products and therapies for medical uses.
Agricultural Biotechnology
Use of biotechnological tools in agriculture to enhance crop traits, improve yield, and reduce dependence on chemical inputs.
Environmental Biotechnology
Application of biotechnology to solve environmental issues, such as bioremediation and waste treatment.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Development of drugs and therapies using biological processes and organisms.
Industrial Biotechnology
Use of enzymes and microorganisms in industrial processes to produce biofuels, bio-based products, and materials.
Food Biotechnology
Application of biotechnological methods to improve food production, safety, and nutrition.
Stem Cell Biotechnology
Research and application of stem cells for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and therapies.
Bioinformatics
Integration of computer science and biology to analyze and interpret biological data.
Synthetic Biology
Design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems, or re-designing existing biological systems.
Biomanufacturing
Use of biological systems for large-scale production of bioproducts, such as bioplastics and biofuels.
Molecular Biotechnology
Use of molecular biology techniques in the manipulation of living organisms at the molecular level.
Bioengineering
Application of engineering principles to biological systems to create technologies and products.
Gene Therapy
Techniques to treat or prevent disease by modifying the genes inside a patient's cells.
Biocatalysis
Use of natural catalysts, such as enzymes, to conduct chemical reactions in industrial processes.
Animal Biotechnology
Manipulation of animals for agricultural and pharmaceutical purposes, including animal cloning and genetic modification.
Plant Biotechnology
Application of biotechnology to enhance plant traits and produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Nano-biotechnology
Application of nanotechnology principles in the field of biotechnology for drug delivery, diagnostics, and materials.
Biopharmaceutical Development
Focus on the design, development, and production of biologics for therapeutic use.
Environmental Health Biotechnology
Study of how biotechnological processes can impact human health and the environment.
Proteomics
Assessment of the structure and function of proteins in biological systems, often using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics.
Metagenomics
Study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples to understand microbial diversity and function.
Transgenics
Creation of organisms that contain genes or portions of genes from other species, often used in agriculture and research.
Biodegradation
Study of the breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms, important for waste management and pollution control.
Cell Culture Technology
Development and application of in vitro cultures of cells for research, diagnostics, and therapeutic purposes.
Biochemical Engineering
Design and operation of large-scale biochemical processes for the production of bioproducts.
Biosensors
Development of devices that detect biological analytes and convert their presence into a measurable signal.
Virology and Viral Biotechnology
Study of viruses for the development of vaccines, therapies, and gene delivery systems.